ABBV

Oral second-generation Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Calquence). Approved in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and small lymphocytic lymphoma.

Adalimumab products bind specifically to TNF-alpha and block its interaction with the p55 and p75 cell surface TNF receptors. Adalimumab products also lyse surface TNF expressing cells in vitro in the presence of complement.

Atogepant is a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist.

Azacitidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog of cytidine. Azacitidine is believed to exert its antineoplastic effects by causing hypomethylation of DNA and direct cytotoxicity on abnormal hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow.

Anti-VEGF-A monoclonal antibody (Avastin) that inhibits tumor angiogenesis. Approved for colorectal, ovarian, breast, glioblastoma, and other solid tumors.

Bortezomib is a reversible inhibitor of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 26S proteasome in mammalian cells. The 26S proteasome is a large protein complex that degrades ubiquitinated proteins.

Carfilzomib is a tetrapeptide epoxyketone proteasome inhibitor that irreversibly binds to the N-terminal threonine-containing active sites of the 20S proteasome, the proteolytic core particle within the 26S proteasome.

The mechanism of action of cariprazine is unknown. However, the efficacy of cariprazine could be mediated through a combination of partial agonist activity at central dopamine D 2 and serotonin 5-HT 1A receptors and antagonist activity at serotonin 5-HT 2A receptors.

Synthetic corticosteroid widely used as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant. In oncology, used in multiple myeloma regimens and as supportive care for chemotherapy-induced nausea/edema.

Taxane chemotherapy that stabilizes microtubules and arrests mitosis. Used in breast, prostate, NSCLC, head and neck, and gastric cancers.

Anti-IL-4Rα monoclonal antibody (Dupixent) that blocks both IL-4 and IL-13 signaling. Approved in atopic dermatitis, asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and prurigo nodularis.

ORIAHNN combines elagolix and estradiol/norethindrone acetate (E2/NETA), a combination of estrogen and progestin. Elagolix is a GnRH receptor antagonist that inhibits endogenous GnRH signaling by binding competitively to GnRH receptors in the pituitary gland.

Elotuzumab is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that specifically targets the SLAMF7 (Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family member 7) protein. SLAMF7 is expressed on myeloma cells independent of cytogenetic abnormalities.

BOTOX blocks neuromuscular transmission by binding to acceptor sites on motor or autonomic nerve terminals, entering the nerve terminals, and inhibiting the release of acetylcholine.

Pomalidomide is an analogue of thalidomide with immunomodulatory, antiangiogenic, and antineoplastic properties. Cellular activities of pomalidomide are mediated through its target cereblon, a component of a cullin ring E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme complex.

Anti-IL-23 (p19 subunit) monoclonal antibody (Skyrizi, AbbVie). Approved in plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.

Oral selective JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor (Jakafi) that blocks JAK-STAT signaling. Approved in myelofibrosis, polycythemia vera, GVHD, and topically in atopic dermatitis.

In nonclinical studies, selinexor reversibly inhibits nuclear export of tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs), growth regulators, and mRNAs of oncogenic proteins by blocking exportin 1 (XPO1).

Tocilizumab products bind to both soluble and membrane-bound IL-6 receptors (sIL-6R and mIL-6R), and have been shown to inhibit IL-6-mediated signaling through these receptors.

The precise mechanisms by which topiramate exerts its anticonvulsant and preventive migraine effects are unknown; however, preclinical studies have revealed four properties that may contribute to topiramate's efficacy for epilepsy and the preventive treatment of migraine.

Ubrogepant is a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist.

Oral selective JAK1 inhibitor (Rinvoq) that suppresses immune-mediated inflammation. Approved in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, atopic dermatitis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease.

Ustekinumab products are human IgG1κ monoclonal antibodies that bind with specificity to the p40 protein subunit used by both the IL-12 and IL-23 cytokines.

Oral selective BCL-2 inhibitor (Venclexta) that restores apoptosis in cancer cells. Approved for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and small lymphocytic lymphoma.

Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (Tecentriq) that blocks PD-L1, restoring T-cell anti-tumor activity. Approved in NSCLC, SCLC, urothelial, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Platinum-based chemotherapy that forms DNA crosslinks, inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Standard of care across many solid tumors including NSCLC, ovarian, breast, bladder, and biliary cancers.

Platinum-based chemotherapy that forms DNA crosslinks. Foundational cytotoxic agent used across testicular, bladder, ovarian, head and neck, and lung cancers.

Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody (Darzalex). Approved across multiple myeloma settings; subcutaneous formulation marketed as Darzalex Faspro.

Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (Imfinzi) that blocks PD-L1, restoring T-cell anti-tumor activity. Approved in NSCLC, SCLC, biliary tract cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Oral immunomodulatory drug (Revlimid) that recruits IKZF1/IKZF3 to cereblon for degradation. Standard in multiple myeloma, MDS, and follicular lymphoma.

Thyroid hormones exert their physiologic actions through control of DNA transcription and protein synthesis. Triiodothyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4) diffuse into the cell nucleus and bind to thyroid receptor proteins attached to DNA.

Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (Keytruda) that blocks the PD-1 checkpoint, restoring anti-tumor immune response. FDA-approved across many cancers including NSCLC, melanoma, and gastroesophageal cancer.

Multi-targeted antifolate chemotherapy used in non-squamous NSCLC and mesothelioma, typically combined with platinum agents.

Anti-VEGF-A antibody fragment (Lucentis) for intravitreal injection. Approved in neovascular AMD, diabetic macular edema, and retinal vein occlusion.

ABBV-400 (AbbVie): anti-c-MET antibody conjugated to a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload. Phase 2/3 in c-MET-overexpressing colorectal cancer, NSCLC, and gastric cancer.

Anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody (Imjudo) that releases T-cell inhibition. Approved in combination with durvalumab in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic NSCLC.

Eluxadoline is a mu-opioid receptor agonist; eluxadoline is also a delta opioid receptor antagonist and a kappa opioid receptor agonist. The binding affinities (Ki) of eluxadoline for the human mu and delta opioid receptors are 1.8 nM and 430 nM, respectively.

Epipodophyllotoxin chemotherapy that inhibits topoisomerase II. Used in small cell lung cancer, testicular cancer, and lymphomas.

Pyrimidine nucleoside analog chemotherapy that incorporates into DNA and inhibits ribonucleotide reductase. First-line in pancreatic cancer; used in lung, breast, and bladder cancers.

Topoisomerase I inhibitor chemotherapy that prevents DNA religation. Used in colorectal cancer (FOLFIRI) and other GI cancers.

Lenvatinib is a kinase inhibitor that inhibits the kinase activities of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors VEGFR1 (FLT1), VEGFR2 (KDR), and VEGFR3 (FLT4).

Reduced folate used to rescue normal cells from methotrexate toxicity and to potentiate 5-FU activity (FOLFOX, FOLFIRI). Not a primary anticancer agent.

Lurbinectedin is an alkylating drug that binds guanine residues in the minor groove of DNA, forming adducts and resulting in a bending of the DNA helix towards the major groove.

Anti-FRα antibody (Elahere) conjugated to DM4, a maytansine microtubule disruptor. Approved in FRα-high platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.

Glycoengineered Type II anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (Gazyva) with enhanced ADCC. Approved in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and follicular lymphoma.

Oral PARP inhibitor (Lynparza) that exploits synthetic lethality in BRCA-mutant cancers. Approved in BRCA-mutant ovarian, breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancer.

Third-generation platinum chemotherapy that forms DNA adducts. Backbone in colorectal cancer (FOLFOX) and other GI malignancies.

Taxane chemotherapy that binds β-tubulin and prevents microtubule depolymerization, causing mitotic arrest. Used in breast, ovarian, lung, and other cancers.

The EGFR is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of a subfamily of type I receptor tyrosine kinases, including EGFR, HER2, HER3, and HER4. EGFR is constitutively expressed in normal epithelial tissues, including the skin and hair follicle.

Ranibizumab products bind to the receptor binding site of active forms of VEGF-A, including the biologically active, cleaved form of this molecule, VEGF 110 .

Telisotuzumab vedotin-tllv is a c-Met-directed antibody drug conjugate (ADC). The antibody is a humanized IgG1κ directed against c-Met, the cell surface receptor for hepatocyte growth factor.